Notes - Complex Analysis MT23, Homotopies


Flashcards

Suppose:

  • $U$ is an open set in $\mathbb C$
  • $a, b \in U$
  • $\eta : [0, 1] \to U$
  • $\gamma : [0, 1] \to U$
  • $\eta(0) = \gamma(0) = a$
  • $\eta(1) = \gamma(1) = b$

What does it mean for $\gamma$ and $\eta$ to be homotopic?


There exists a continuous function $h : [0, 1] \times [0, 1] \to U$ such that

\[\begin{aligned} &h(0, s) = a\\\\ &h(1, s) = b \end{aligned}\]

and

\[\begin{aligned} &h(t, 0) = \gamma(t)\\\\ &h(t, 1) = \eta(t) \end{aligned}\]

What is the constant path $c _ a : [0, 1] \to U$?


\[c_a(t) = a\]

for all $t$.

What does it mean for a closed path $\gamma$ starting and ending at $a$ to be null-homotopic?


It is homotopic to the constant path $c _ a$.

Suppose $U$ is a domain in $\mathbb C$. What does it mean for $U$ to be simply-connected?


Any two paths between $a$ and $b$ are homotopic in $U$.

In the context of homotopies, what are convex and star-like sets an example of?


They are simply-connected.

Proofs




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