Maths - Integration by Substitution

Pearson Edexcel Mathematics 2022


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Flashcards

A worked linear substitution

\[\int (x+2)^5 dx\]

What substitution could you make in terms of $u$?

\[u = x + 2\]

If $u = x + 2$, what is $\frac{du}{dx}$?

\[\frac{du}{dx} = 1\]

If $u = x + 2$ and $\frac{du}{dx} = 1$, what is $dx$?

\[du\]
\[\int (x+2)^5 dx\]

If $u = x+2$ and $du = dx$, how could you rewrite the integral?

\[\int u^5 du\]
\[\int u^5 du\]

What is this equal to?

\[\frac{u^6}{6} + c\]
\[\frac{u^6}{6} + c\]

Can you reverse the substitution $u = x + 2$?

\[\frac{(x + 2)^6}{6} + c\]

Changing limits

If the substitution for an integral is $u = x^2$ and the bounds are $[2, 4]$, what are the new bounds?

\[[4, 16]\]

Trigonometric and hyperbolic substitutions

\[\int \sqrt{1 + x^2}\]

What substitution would you make?

\[u = \sinh x\]
\[\int \sqrt{1 - x^2}\]

What substitution would you make?

\[u = \sin x\]

or

\[u = \cos x\]
\[\int \sqrt{x^2 - 1}\]

What substitution would you make?

\[u = \cosh x\]
\[\int \sqrt{4 + 4^2}\]

What substitution would you make?

\[u = 2\sinh x\]

Substitution inside a product

\[\int \frac{1}{2} x^3 \sqrt[3]{4 - x^2} \text{d}x\]

What substitution should you make here?

\[u = 4 - x^2\]