Computing - Sets


2021-01-07

What is a set?


A well-defined collection of objects.

What are the two terms for objects in a set?


  • Members
  • Elements

What’s the difference between a set and a list?


Sets are unordered.

What’s the symbol for an empty set?


\[\varnothing\]

What does

\[x \in S\]

mean?


$x$ is a member of the set $S$.

What does

\[x \notin S\]

mean?


$x$ is not a member of the set $S$.

How could you write the set of even natural numbers using set comprehension?


\[\\{ x | x \in \mathbb{N} \wedge x \,\text{is even} \\}\]

What would the compact form of

\[\{ x \vert x \in \mathbb{N} \wedge $x$ \,\text{is even} \}\]

be?


\[\\{ x \in \mathbb{N} | x \,\text{is even} \\}\]

What set does

\[\{10^n \vert n \le 1\}\]

describe?


\[\\{ 10, 100, 1000, 10000 \\}\]

How would you describe the set ${ 5, 10, 15, …}$?


\[\\{ x | x \in N \wedge x \mod 5 = 0 \\}\]

What does $A \ B$ mean?


All the members that are in A but not in B.

What is the $A \ B$ operator called?


Difference.

What does the Venn diagram for $A \ B$ look like?


PHOTO A DIFFERENCE B

What does it mean for $A$ to be a subset of $B$?


Every member of $A$ is also a member of $B$.

What is the notation for $A$ being a subset of $B$?


\[A \subseteq B\]

What is the notation for $A$ being a proper subset of $B$?


\[A \subset B\]

What’s the difference between a subset and a proper subset?


A proper subset means $A$ is a subset of $B$ and they are not equal.

What is the Cartesian product of two sets $A$ and $B$?


The set of all ordered pairs $(a, b)$ such thta $a \in A$ and $b \in B$.

What is the set comprehension notation for the Cartesian product of $A$ and $B$?


\[A \times B = \\{ (a, b) | a \in A \wedge b \in B \\}\]

What is the notation for the Cartesian product of $A$ and $B$?


\[A \times B\]

What is the cardinality of a set?


The number of members in the set.

What is the notation for the carinality of $A$?


\[| A |\]

What is a countably infinite set?


A set whose members can be counted by using the infinite set $\mathbb{N}$.

What is the formula for the cardinality of the Cartesian product of two sets $A$ and $B$?


\[|A|\times|B|\]



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