Maths - Discriminant


Where does the value of $b^2 - 4ac$ come from for the discriminant?


The value under the square root sign in the quadratic formula.

Why is the discriminant useful?


It tells you how many real roots a quadratic has.

What is the formula for the discriminant?


\[b^2 - 4ac\]

Why must a positive discriminant mean two real roots?


The square root of a positive number has two possible solutions.

Why must a zero discriminant mean one repeated root?


The square root of zero is zero; there is only one solution.

Why must a negative discriminant mean no real roots?


Because the square root of a negative number is imaginary.

How many real solutions for $b^2 - 4ac > 0$?


\[2\]

How many real solutions for $b^2 - 4ac = 0$?


\[1\]

How many real solutions for $b^2 - 4ac < 0$?


\[0\]

How would you go about finding the values for $k$ for which $f(x) = x^2 + kx + 9$ has equal roots?


Use the fact that $b^2 - 4ac$ must equal $0$ and substitute for $k$.

Given that $y - x = k$ and $x^2 + y^2 = 4$ has one pair of solutions, what two steps could you use to show that $k = \pm2\sqrt{2}$?


  • Substitute $x = k + y$ into $x^2 + y^2 = 4$ to find a quadratic in terms of $k$ and $y$.
  • Use the fact the discriminant has to equal $0$ for there to be one pair of solutions.

If you have something like $4kx^2 + 2x + k + 1$, even if the discriminant is positive why does a value of $k = 0$ still mean there is only $1$ solution?


Because the $x^2$ term disappears and you get a linear equation with only one root.




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